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Knowledge summary of emergency hedge knowledge
2015年06月26日

1, elevator malfunction
Elevator is an important vehicle in high-rise building, once the failure, such as passengers were trapped, falling, can easily lead to panic and other passengers.
Emergency points
(1) the speed of the elevator is not normal, should be slightly bent legs, upper body forward tilt, in order to respond to possible impact.
(2) trapped inside the elevator, should keep calm, immediately lift alarm, mobile phone or walkie talkie and management personnel contact, wait for external aid. If the alarm is invalid, the elevator door can be called out loud or intermittent.
(3) when the elevator is not easy to climb out of the door, in order to prevent the elevator suddenly start.
(4) when the elevator is in the operation, the elevator shall be open to the top floor and notify the maintenance personnel.
(5) if there is a fire on the road, the elevator shall be stopped at the nearest floor to the nearest floor, and quickly take advantage of the stairs to escape.
Expert tips
(1) the elevator should not be alarmed.
(2) the occurrence of earthquakes, fire, water and other emergency situations, is prohibited to use the elevator, should switch to fire access or stairs.
2, gas accident
In the air circulation in the indoor use of gas water heater, random Chaigai indoor gas facilities, and in gas pressure regulating station, adjusting pressure tank, gas wells near the use of fire, fireworks, easily lead to gas poisoning, fire and explosion and other serious accidents.
Emergency points
(1) found that the gas leak, should immediately cut off the gas source, quickly open the doors and windows ventilation. But the action should be light and slow, to avoid the violent friction of the metal to produce a spark, causing an explosion.
(2) when the gas leak, do not open or close any electrical equipment, do not open the lampblack machine or exhaust fan exhaust, not in the gas filled room call, so as to produce a spark, causing an explosion.
(3) gas leakage, do not stay indoors, in order to prevent suffocation, poisoning.
(4) liquefied gas tank fire should be quickly with a wet towel, bedding, clothing flutter pressure, and immediately close the LPG tank valve.
Expert tips
(1) when the common use of soap and water brush gas pipeline interface, switch, hose, valve, observe whether there is no bubble, check gas is leaking.
(2) the use of gas appliances, such as the discovery of a yellow flame, the combustion exception, then must open the window ventilation.
(3) if the home of a long-term uninhabited, should be shut down the gas valve, and to the property or housing management departments to leave contact.
(4) residue in liquefied gas tank can not dispose of, so as not to cause fire.
(5) the straight platoon type gas water heater has not used the state explicitly banned.
3, water supply accident
Waterworks appear fault operation, transmission and distribution water pipes burst, and unpredictable external damage factors, can be caused by the accident.
After the pipe burst, not only the loss of precious water resources, cause local water, road collapse and other disasters caused by will.
Emergency points
(1) after being cut off, should immediately turn off the tap, to prevent accidents caused by running water after the runoff.
(2) after finding the pipe burst, the accurate location of the pipe burst shall be immediately reported to the relevant department. At the same time, try to close the water supply valve.
Expert tips
(1) suddenly encountered when the water supply is cut off, don't panic, the water sector will indicate in short time within the public water supply and because, and resolved in a timely manner.
(2) after the occurrence of an explosion accident, the public should be away from the scene of the accident, so as not to impede the normal operation of the repair work.
(3) after the runoff, the need to open the tap water and proper drainage, the residual impurities in the pipeline to be washed clean and then use.
4, family fire
The family fire is usually due to careless people, often sudden, a be caught off guard, the consequences will be grievous.
Emergency points
(1) cooking pan fire, immediately cover fire, and quickly turn off the fire. If there is no cover, can cut the vegetables into the pot fire. Do not use water, burning to prevent oil spill, ignition and other combustibles in the kitchen.
(2) electrical fire, first cut off the power, and then wet quilt or wet clothes to put out the fire. TV set fire, when the fire should pay special attention to the TV from the side, to prevent the tube explosion wounding.
(3) alcohol chafing dish adds alcohol when suddenly caught fire, do not use mouth blown, available tea cup cover or side dish dish cover in alcohol tank fire.
(4) liquefied gas tank on fire, in addition to use wet bedding, clothing and covering pressure, the powder or soda powder force thrown to the root of the fire, extinguished the fire and wet towel to protect the hands to close the valve. Need to pay attention to is that if the LPG tank valve burning cannot be closed, avoid the fire pot hit to destroy, so as not to cause an explosion, to tank is moved to the relative safety of the site, the cooling water tank for the disposal of firefighters.
(5) escape, use wet towel to cover your mouth and nose, left back quickly to the direction of fireworks.
(6) escape routes were cut off and no relief in a short period of time, should be secured to meet the fire doors and windows, with a wet towel, wet cloth blocked door, drench with water through the door, preventing invasion of fireworks. Open the front window, during the day with washbasin thing.no for help, at night by hand shaking for lightning.
Expert tips
(1) no one at home, should be cut off power, gas valve closed.
(2) do not smoke in bed, throw cigarette butts.
(3) do not crowd the fire, so as not to interfere with the rescue work, or hurt by the explosion and other reasons.
(4) the home should be prepared to fire escape "four pieces of treasure": household fire extinguishers, emergency escape rope, simple and anti smoking mask, flashlight, and put them in the readily desirable position.
5, high-rise fire
High-rise buildings to the narrow corridor, high floor, fire is not easy to escape, rescue difficult, and often because of the crowded channel obstruction, resulting in trampling each other in the tragedy.
Emergency points
(1) to put out the fire in time. Can use each floor of the fire equipment to put out the fire.
(2) a downward upward. Due to the spread of the fire, the application of wet blankets and other items as a cover to the rapid and orderly evacuation.
(3) shut the door. After leaving the room, be sure to close the door, so that the flame, smoke control in a certain space.
(4) pay attention to smoke. Use a wet towel to cover your nose and mouth and other items, keep a low posture forward, the action should be small and shallow breathing. With the baby escape, can use wet cloth to gently over the baby's face.
(5) rational escape. The balcony of a building, refuge layer, indoor settings of the descent control device, a lifesaving bag, emergency escape rope etc. to escape, can also be formed strong rope bed sheet, tablecloth, fasteners on the balcony, along the rope slide to the floor.
(6) waiting for rescue. When the channel is sealed fire, in an attempt to escape without road, near a window or balcony for help and vital to meet the fire doors and windows, with a wet towel, wet cloth blocked door, drench with water through the door, preventing invasion of fireworks.
(7) against the wall. Because the fire fighters into the interior of the rescue, mostly along the walls of the road.
Expert tips
(1) the fire visibility is very low, keep calm, do not blindly action is an important prerequisite for safe escape.
(2) because the power supply system at any time without power, do not take the elevator to escape.
(3) waiting for rescue shall be as far as possible in the balcony, window and other easy to be found.
(4) don't jump off a building, in the case of a good life cushion or floor is not high, or if you do not jump to the case, can take this method.
(5) public access to the usual do not pile up the debris, otherwise it is easy to cause a fire, but also prevent the fire escape and rescue.
6, car fire
Car fire not only threat to the lives and safety of passengers, damage to the vehicle, but also seriously affect traffic order. When a fire broke out in the bus, the Sishourenyuan to take decisive self-help, door and escape measures, to protect passengers safety of life and property.
Emergency points
(1) the car engine is on fire: quickly stop, cut off the power supply and fire the fire extinguisher with the car.
(2) the goods immediately to the fire: the car away from the important areas or places of concentration, and quickly alarm. At the same time, with the car fire extinguisher. People should be away from the scene, so as not to be hurt by the explosion.
(3) in the course of the car refueling, the fire: immediately stop refueling, the evacuation of personnel, and quickly out of the gas station (Library), with fire extinguishers and clothes, and so on the fuel tank fire. If the ground fuel shed on fire, immediately with a fire extinguisher or sand in the fight.
(4) in the repair of the car fire: should quickly cut off the power, timely fire.
(5) after the car was on fire: try to save, and then fire.
(6) in the operation of the bus fire: open all the doors, so that passengers have order underground car. At the same time, the fire extinguisher quickly with the fire extinguisher. If the flame to shut the door, passengers used clothes blindfolded head, washed down from the door, or break the windows to escape.
Expert tips
(1) not to take public transport for dangerous goods such as flammable, explosive, etc..
(2) shall be equipped with fire extinguishers, and learn to use the correct.
7, personnel intensive places fire
Hotel, cinema, supermarket, gymnasium and other personnel intensive places in the event of a fire, often because people panic, crowded obstruction in the channels, trampling each other's tragedy, or escape due to improper methods, causing casualties.
Emergency points
(1) the discovery of a fire at the beginning of the fire shall be extinguished in time by the fire fighting equipment on the floor.
(2) keep a clear mind, do not blindly run, be confound at.
(3) the spread of fire, used clothes cover nose and mouth low body posture, shallow breathing, fast, in order to export safety evacuation. Try to avoid loud cries, to prevent poisonous smoke into the respiratory tract.
(4) after leaving the room, the door should be closed, the flame and smoke control in a certain space.
(5) the building balcony, refuge layer, indoor settings of the descent control device, a lifesaving bag, emergency escape rope etc. to escape, or the bed sheet, tablecloth to form a strong rope, fasteners on the balcony along the rope slide to the floor.
(6) there is no way to escape, should be close to the window or balcony, closed fire doors and windows to the outside for help.
Expert tips
(1) the safety door or the entrance to the entrance of the personnel intensive place shall be clearly marked and shall be added to the attention.
(2) do not take the elevator to escape.
(3) do not jump off a building, unless the fire has been life-threatening.
(4) after staying in a hotel or hotel, a special attention should be provided to the fire escape route map provided by the service party, or the location of the safety exit.
(5) do not crowd in the escape.
14, forest fire
Forest fires destroyed the animal and plant resources, damage the ecological environment, causing soil erosion, huge economic loss, even causing casualties.
Emergency points
(1) found the forest fire, should immediately to the local villages, organs, enterprises and institutions for help or to the local government, forest fire prevention headquarters report, under the unified organization and command of the relevant departments to participate in the fighting, is strictly prohibited to act alone.
(2) in the high mountains and steep slopes, complex terrain, wind direction changing of special conditions, night of fire in principle on the circumference and don't play should organize open fireproof isolation belt of indirect Swat.
(3) do not into three sides mountains, saddle Valley, a narrow Grass Pond ditch, narrow valley, sunny hillside location directly SWAT rotor.
(4) in dangerous environment, to quickly enter the burned to avoid the fire to break out of an encirclement to choice in the lack of vegetation, low flame area opens regolith until see wet soil, put my face into the pits, wrap the head with clothes, hands on the front of the body, avoid the flame.
Expert tips
(1) not in forest cemetery, outside the temple burn joss sticks and candles joss paper, fireworks and firecrackers, memorial should take to send flowers, memorial tree planting and civilization, ecological.
(2) to strengthen the supervision of children, the elderly and silly, silly stay, and mental patients and other special populations, to prevent fire disaster.
(3) shall mobilize and organize the disabled, pregnant women, the elderly and minors to participate in forest fire fighting.
(4) in forest fire fighting, should choose a good safe area to avoid the fire and evacuation routes, provide against any misfortune.
8, gas poisoning
Use in closed rooms the coal stove for heating, cooking, using gas-fired hot water for a long time to bathe and poor ventilation, prone to gas poisoning accident.
After gas poisoning, people often dizziness, nausea, vomiting, palpitation, pale skin, confusion, severe cases will be confusion, trismus, convulsions, incontinence, face and lips appear Fuchsia, breathing and pulse faster.
Emergency points
(1) immediately the patient from the poisoning environment, open the window and pay attention to the patient warm.
(2) patients need to be quiet, to minimize the burden on the heart and oxygen consumption. To allow the patient to have the ability to breathe independently of oxygen.
(3) in patients with respiratory and cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be taken immediately, and call for help.
Expert tips
(1) the patient to the hospital with hyperbaric oxygen, so that patients receive hyperbaric oxygen therapy as soon as possible, in order to reduce the sequelae. Even mild patients should do so.
(2) the correct installation of coal-fired heating stove, a stove and a chimney to eliminate the use of inferior quality.
9, car accident
Car accident caused serious consequences qunsiqunshang.
Emergency points
(1) passengers smell the burning things in the car smell or see unidentified smoke, to promptly notify the crew. Sishourenyuan responsibility stop and check, passengers evacuated to safe areas, and to achieve the orderly evacuation of, also protect and care for the elderly, women and children.
(2) when the driver is parking, should be in the direction of the car 50 meters to 100 meters to set up a special warning signs.
(3) Sishourenyuan should arrange the passengers with free transfer line, with subsequent direction of the vehicle or other vehicle dispatch.
(4) on the bus to meet the fire accident, passengers should quickly evacuate the train, do not onlookers.
(5) bus operation passengers found suspicious objects, shall promptly notify the Sishourenyuan, and evacuated to a safe location, never dispose of their own.
(6) in case of injury or death, the emergency call shall be called in time.
Expert tips
(1) the car accidents, avoid panic, crowded, should be a timely warning, and obey the command of drivers and salesclerks, actively carry out self-help and mutual aid.
(2) don't let the children in a moving car running and jumping, slapstick.
10, motor vehicle traffic accident
As the saying goes, "ten times nine times faster, thought paralysis."
When driving a motor vehicle must be done: to obtain a motor vehicle driver's license in accordance with the law, strictly abide by the vehicle traffic, vehicle, passenger, driving
11, highway traffic accident
On the highway, the vehicle running speed, the driver's dynamic visual acuity will be reduced, the visual field is narrow, the ability to judge the decline, the balance of the feeling has changed, prone to traffic accidents.
Emergency points
(1) after the vehicle has an accident on the highway should stop immediately, protect the scene, call the alarm call, clear expression of the incident time and range, the consequences, and to assist in the investigation of traffic police.
(2) there is a traffic accident of the casualties, should first save, and immediately alarm.
(3) a warning sign is turned on and a warning sign is provided in the direction of the vehicle to 150 meters.
(4) the car personnel should quickly shift to the right shoulder or emergency lane.
Expert tips
(1) to protect the site is mainly refers to: the location of the marker, marking the wounded lying position, preservation of the scene trace evidence to assist the public security organs to find that person.
(2) no person shall, in any case, cause damage to the highway facilities, in order to avoid an accident.
12, gale
In the city, the strong wind and the "strong wind effect" generated by the buildings often blow bad houses, billboards and trees, etc., and can interfere with aerial work, and even lead to fires.
Emergency points
(1) windy weather, in the vicinity of the construction site should stay away from the construction site and quickly through. Don't stay under the tall buildings, billboards or trees.
(2) timely reinforced doors and windows, enclosure, scaffolding and other easy to be swayed by the wind structures, proper placement of the vulnerable to high winds damaged outdoor items.
(3) the motor vehicle and non motor vehicle drivers shall slow down.
(4) stop at the height of the upper air, water, and outdoor work immediately, stop the outdoor group activities, and evacuate people.
(5) do not park the vehicle in the high-rise buildings, trees, branches and other glass below, so as not to be blown cause body damage.
Expert tips
(1) we should pay close attention to fire hazards, so as to avoid the fire when the fire by the wind, causing major losses.
(2) pay attention to weather forecasts, do a good job in the wind.
(3) the old man and the child must not go out in the windy weather.
13, sand storm
Sandstorm refers to the strong winds in the ground a lot of dust is sucked into the air, making air very turbid and horizontal visibility is less than 1000 meters of the disastrous weather.
Dust storms can cause deterioration of air quality, affecting human health and traffic safety, damage to buildings and public facilities, but also cause serious casualties.
Emergency points
(1) to close the doors and windows in time, it is necessary to seal the doors and windows with plastic strips.
(2) have to wear masks when they go out, my head in the sand scarf, so as not to damage the eyes and respiratory tract. Special attention should be paid to traffic safety.
(3) motor vehicles and non motorized vehicles should slow down, the driver should pay close attention to the road, carefully driving.
(4) the proper placement of an outdoor item of damage to the sand storm.
Expert tips
(1) the occurrence of strong sandstorm weather is not appropriate to go out, especially the elderly, children and people with respiratory allergic diseases.
(2) the usual good wind sand preparation.
14, heavy rain
Heavy rains, especially a large range of heavy rain or rainstorm, often in a very short period of time caused by urban waterlogging, losses to the lives and property of residents, to make a significant impact in the urban traffic.
Emergency points
(1) to prevent the occurrence of a small housing residents waterlogging, can be placed in the doorway suit one's measures to local conditions, water retaining plate or a pile of ridge.
(2) when the outdoor water diffuse into the interior, the power should be cut off immediately to prevent the water from the water and electricity.
(3) in the outdoor water walking close to the building, to observe, to walk, to prevent falling into the manhole pit, etc..
(4) the driver encountered the pavement or overpass the water too deep to try to bypass, avoid forced through.
Expert tips
(1) do not waste debris into the sewers, roads, to avoid congestion, water disaster.
(2) the residents of a cottage shall examine the house before the rainy season and repair the roof.
(3) during the storm, try not to go out, must go out as far as possible to bypass the serious water.
(4) in the mountainous area, the attention to prevent flash floods. If the upstream runoff, water turbidity, suddenly rose faster, should pay special attention to.
15, lightning
Thunderstorms often produce a strong discharge phenomenon, if the discharge hit people, buildings, or a variety of equipment, often causing casualties and economic losses.
Emergency points
(1) attention to the closure of doors and windows, indoor personnel should be far from the doors and windows, water pipes, gas pipes and other metal objects.
(2) close the home appliance, unplug the power plug, and prevent the thunder from the power line.
(3) in the outdoors, to avoid in time, do not stay in the open field. In the open field with no place to escape, should as far as possible for low hiding places, such as pit, or crouched, lower body height.
(4) away from the isolated trees, towers, poles, billboards.
(5) immediately stop the outdoor swimming, boating, fishing and other water activities.
(6) as many people live in the outside, do not push against each other, in case of being struck by lightning.
Expert tips
(1) lightning protection device must be installed on the tall building to defend against lightning disaster.
(2) do not use a mobile phone in the open.
(3) a person shall immediately be rescued by the rescue of a person who is struck by lightning.
(4) thunderstorm days as much as possible to take a bath, solar water heater users should not take a bath.
16, earthquake
The casualties of the earthquake are mainly caused by the collapse of buildings. Therefore, when the earthquake occurs, should respond quickly, take the measures to protect themselves in time.
Emergency points
(1) lived in the cottage residents experienced the earthquake, such as room space spacious, should quickly head protection ran out of the house; a chance to run, can hide on the side of the table, a bed and a sturdy piece of furniture, and with a towel or cloth to cover your mouth and nose with dust, smoke.
(2) live in the building residents should be choice kitchens, bathrooms and other small standard width of a room space shock absorbers; can also hide, side of wall, corner of a wall, a sturdy piece of furniture, etc is easy to form triangular space; to stay away from the walls, doors, windows and balconies; do not use the elevator, not to jump.
(3) close the power source and fire source as soon as possible.
(4) is the classroom and the workplace, should hold fast head, eyes closed, in the place of the rostrum, desk and work table and office furniture below, and so escape.
(5) is the city should pay attention to protect the head, quickly went to the open space squat; try to avoid tall buildings and flyovers, away from the high-voltage wire and chemical, gas, such as a plant or facility.
(6) is the wild activities, should try to avoid the foot of cliffs, to prevent rockfall and landslide; in case of landslides to to stay away from the rolling stones forward direction on both sides of the direction of the run.
(7) in the seaside, it should be far away from the sea, in case of an earthquake that caused a tsunami.
(8) driving a car, should quickly escape from the overpass, and steep cliff, wire rod, etc., and as soon as possible to choose an empty place immediately stop.
(9) by the earthquake, physical injury should be managed to remove pressure on the body object, as far as possible with a wet towel cover your nose and mouth with dust, smoke; with stones or iron and other percussion objects in contact with the outside world, not shouted for help, pay attention to save energy; try to masonry support instability at the top heavy and protect their own living space.
(10) in search and rescue after the earthquake, should pay attention to search for trapped cries and moans and percussion utensils voice; do not use the weapon of digging, so as to avoid wounding; find buried pressure to timely removal of the mouth and nose in the dust, the smooth breathing; have been found survivors but deliver difficult, first of all, we should transport fresh air, water and food, then think of other ways to rescue.
Expert tips
(1) earthquake to keep calm, not crowded. Should be ordered to evacuate after the earthquake.
(2) the staff after the earthquake has been out of danger, do not rush back to the house, to prevent the aftershocks.
(3) for an earthquake that is not obvious, the earthquake is not necessary.
(4) when the earthquake is a strong earthquake, it is to escape, to adjust measures to local conditions.
17, debris flow
The debris flow is to carry large amounts of sediment, flood caused by stone mountain valley in the flood. Debris ferocious, and often with the collapse of the mountain accompanied, great damage to farmland and roads, bridges, and other structures.
Emergency points
(1) found signs of debris flow, should immediately to observe the terrain, on both sides of the valley slopes or higher ground.
(2) when the escape, to abandon all the impact of the running speed of goods.
(3) don't hide in the rolling stones and debris steep slopes below.
(4) don't stay in the low-lying areas, and don't climb trees.
Expert tips
(1) signs before the occurrence of debris flow: the river suddenly dried up water potential or sudden increase, and the clip more firewood, branches; deep valleys or ditch the inward is similar to the train is plangent or thunder sort of voice.
(2) the deep valley suddenly became dark, and a slight vibration sense.
(3) to mountain outdoor play, to choose the high level as the camp, as far as possible to avoid the river (ditch) road curved concave or local small height, low convex bank.
(4) all at the flat in the channel or groove of the camping tent. When the long time rain or rainstorm, should be alert to the occurrence of debris flow.
18, collapse
Easy to occur in a relatively steep slope section. Collapse often lead to the interruption of the road, blocking, or at the foot of the slope destruction of buildings collapsed, such as floods may also directly into debris flows. More seriously, because the collapse of blocking river and the formation of natural cutoff dam, upstream backwater, make the rivers overflow, causing floods.
Emergency points
(1) in the road, the road is not to panic, leaving a section of the slope quickly.
(2) when the traffic jam caused by the collapse, the traffic control should be followed, and the timely acceptance of the guidance.
Expert tips
(1) during the rainy season should not stay in the vicinity of rock.
(2) cannot be steep, a prominent local rock shelter, rest and walk through the concave, cannot climb rock.
(3) the slope is greater than 45 degrees, or hillside into isolated spur, a concave slope shape, and slope have obvious cracks, are easy to form the collapse.
(4) the summer flood season, people in the choice to mountain canyon trip, be sure to prior to listen to local weather forecasts, don't in the heavy rain, a rainy day into the mountain valley.
19, public places of danger
In crowded places, once the occurrence of chaos, consequences be unbearable to contemplate. So in the densely populated public places, such as lantern, parks, shopping malls, stadiums, theaters, dance halls, cafes and other should be to avoid the phenomenon of local personnel too crowded.
Emergency points
(1) where there is a congestion or in an emergency, it is to remain calm, in a short stay at the relatively safe place of the person.
(2) pay attention to observe the surrounding terrain, looking for a safe passage or emergency exit signs, determine their position, ready to evacuate.
(3) pay attention to listen to the radio, to comply with the guidance of the staff, as soon as possible from the nearest safe exit, not to reverse the popular or copy
20, civil air defense engineering dangerous situation
Underground civil air defense project is closed, in the event of fire, heat, smoke or gas will quickly fill underground space; in addition, also due to poor drainage caused water intrusion; early civil air defence works is easy to occur sinking and collapse accidents.
Emergency points
(1) encounter fire in the civil air defense projects, the application of clothing, the handkerchief to cover your mouth and nose, low posture, rapid and orderly along the ground or side wall safety evacuation signs indicating the direction of evacuation.
(2) if the fire is trapped in the civil air defense project, should be through continuous tapping water pipe or call and call for help; in the light window of the place, can also enter the window to help.
(3) after the occurrence of dangerous situation should obey the command and transfer of staff.
(4) air defense projects such as intrusion occurs, should be promptly closed under water valve.
Expert tips
(1) usually pay attention to the inspection of the air defense works in the fire alarm, to ensure that its function is effective; also there are fire prevention and quarantine area to avoid the fire.
(2) before the flood season should clean up the surrounding area of civil air defense engineering drainage ditch debris, to ensure smooth drainage channel.
(3) early civil air defense engineering material is poor, once found, immediately sinking collapse, away from the danger position.
(4) in the underground civil air defense projects in the cottage area residents of the housing subsidence or structural deformation, to immediately organize the evacuation of the area.
21, dangerous chemicals
Hazardous chemicals mainly refers to chemical substances with explosive, flammable, toxic and corrosive. : benzene, liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, formaldehyde, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, pesticide, liquid chlorine and other common dangerous chemicals. These dangerous products will make people's eyes hurt, tears, dizziness, nausea, chest tightness and breathing difficulties, severe cases can be choked to death.
Emergency points
(1) was found abandoned chemicals, don't pick up should be immediately dial the alarm telephone, said Qing specific location, packing, marking, roughly the same number and whether there is smell.
(2) immediately set up warning signs around the site of the incident, not to stay around. Smoking is forbidden in case of fire or explosion.
(3) a hazardous chemical transportation vehicle shall be left out of the scene of the accident as soon as possible. Other motor vehicle drivers should obey the command of the staff, orderly through the accident scene.
(4) in the construction process of residential areas to dig out of a peculiar smell of the soil, you should immediately call the police phone to explain the situation, and at the same time on the surrounding area to pull on the warning signs. Before the smell of the soil, the surrounding residents and units do not open the window ventilation.
Expert tips
(1) the characteristics of the hazardous chemicals used in the understanding of the use of the hazardous chemicals, which are not blind, are not used for illegal use.
(2) to keep the dangerous chemicals around them, to keep the labels intact, to keep them in a safe way, to avoid the heat and keep away from the fire.
(3) do not store hazardous chemicals in the premises.
(4) do not carry dangerous chemicals by car, ship, or aircraft.
(5) the indoor accumulation of flammable and explosive gas concentrations is too high, should be disposed of in response to gas leakage.
(6) by the dangerous chemicals, the hospital should be immediately to the hospital for treatment, do not delay.
22, radioactive sources
Radioactive source refers to a solid radioactive material that is sealed in a container or has a tight cladding layer. The radiation emitted by a radioactive source, people can not see, smell, touch. It has a certain energy, can destroy the cell tissue, causing damage to the human body. Identification of radioactive sources in addition to the label, logo and packaging, be sure to use a special instrument to confirm the use of special instruments.
Emergency points
(1) found no management of the marked with ionizing radiation symbol objects, or lead, steel, paraffin, made of cylindrical or spherical objects when, do not arbitrarily mobile, do not open, don't pick up home or sold to the acquisition of waste station.
(2) found that no one is managing the shiny metal objects or metal chains, etc., to quickly away from the scene, do not move these items, do not pick up home.
(3) a sign shall be set up near the suspicious object, warning others not to come near, and immediately call the environmental protection department or public security department.
Expert tips
(1) do not blindly enter the place where there is a sign of radiological warning.
(2) to prevent or reduce the damage to the human body, there are three kinds of protective measures: first, distance protection. The farther away from the radiation source, the smaller the hurt. Two is shielding protection. Select the appropriate shielding material (such as concrete, iron or lead, etc.) to shield the radiation emitted from the source. Three is time protection. Reduce the contact time with the radioactive sources as much as possible.
23, drowning
Drowning is the person who is flooded with water because of the respiratory tract to stimulate the occurrence of spasm, contraction of obstruction, resulting in asphyxia and hypoxia. Drowning often will appear facial bruising, swelling, bloodshot eyes, foaming at the mouth, cold limbs, etc. phenomenon, the need for emergency rescue.
Emergency points
(1) that drowning should as soon as possible to save it from the surface of the water, but rescue such as do not know how to rescue in water and do not understand the site hydrology, water easily, can make full use of the equipment at the scene, such as rope, rod, a life buoy save.
(2) the drowning placed on the ground, quickly open the mouth, remove the pharynx in, intranasal silt, weeds and other foreign bodies, the respiratory tract to maintain patency.
(3) when a drowning person has ceased breathing or is extremely weak, artificial respiration should be carried out immediately.
Expert tips
(1) because of breathing, heart rate in the short term recovery may also stop, so do not give up artificial respiration